Compressor or pump



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 y za/ HTTUENEYS l .IIlFIIlIFIrIILFIlI INENTHH EHHz'HGNnL. UILLIHMEFNTIH Juixe 13, 1939. .w. G. PoNTls ET AL COMPRESSOR 0R PUMP Grgnal Filed Jan. 18, 1933 June 13, 1939. y w, G, PON-|15 AL 2,162,639

, COMPRESSOR OR PUMP Original Filed Jan. 18, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INIEN'HKS EBEL. H NaL.

LILLIHMHHMH'IS BY w vl/ I HTTRIEYH Patented June 13, 1939 PATENT OFFICE COMPRESSOR OR. PUMP` William G. Pontis and Carl H. Kindl, Dayton,

` Ohio, assignors,

by mesne assignments, to

General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a` corporation of Delaware Application January 18, 1933, Serial No. 652,264 Renewed March 5, 1936 claims. wi. 23o-139) This invention relates to a structure applicable to a compressor or pump, and more particularly to an enclosure therefor, and the heat dissipating means associated therewith.

It is understood that the structures of compressors and pumps are quite similar, especially with respect to parts such as the enclosure or housing members and the cooling means utilized therewith. Hence, it may be clearly seen that the structure disclosed and claimed for the present invention is applicable to either, although the structure shown, is that of a compressor.

It may also be here understood that the term formable hard metal used in'. the specification l5 and claims of this application refers particularly to metal formed after it has reached, or is in, a congealed, set or hardened state.

An object of the present invention is to provide an enclosure or housing for a compressor that may be made of formable hard metal at a reasonable production cost.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an enclosure or housing structure for a compressor having an auxiliary end member as well as an end cover, which end member and end cover cooperate to facilitate assembly and improve the housing.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an enclosure structure for a compressor, which enclosure has improved fluid and lubricant cooling means.

Another object of the present inventionY is to provide an enclosure structure for a compressor which permits hermetically sealing the enclosure by welding, soldering or some similar process without warping or otherwise injuring the machined or other parts by the heat applied.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein a preferred embodiment of one form of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a compressor embodying a preferred form of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view showing a portion so of the receiver or interchange tank and condenser, with the fluid conducting connector shown in section.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the housing with cooling ns secured thereto. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary top view of the Gompressor unit showing the received or interchange tank and condenser.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view showing the lubricating passage provided -by the auxiliary end member.

With particular reference to the drawings, a housing I0, preferably made of formable hard metal, has apertures I2 and I4 in one end thereof, and an open end I6. The wall of the housing I0 has a portion I8 near the closed end thereof 10 that has a smaller internal diameter than the lportion 20 of the wall near the open end I6.

The portion I8 has an internal surface 22, preferably machined to make a press fit with a motor stator 24, and a shoulder portion 26 is preferably l5 provided at one end of the surface 22 to serve as a stop to locate the stator 24. 'I'he stator has windings such as 28 thereon. The portion 20 of the Wall has an inner surface 30 that is also preferably machined, and provided with a 20 shoulder 32 that serves as a stop for an auxiliary end member 34 that is also preferably machined and t the surface 30.

An opening 36 is provided in the auxiliary end member 34 into which one end of the shaft 38 25 is press fitted. 'I'he auxiliary end member 34 thus forms a support for one end of the shaft 38, while the other end of that shaft is supported by a block 40 having an aperture 42' therein, into which aperture a sleeve 44 fits. The sleeve 44 30 fits over an end portion 46 of the shaft 38. The end portions of the shaft 38 are concentric, or axially aligned, while a mid portion 48 of the shaft 38 is eccentric thereto. The cylinder block 50 is rotatably mounted upon the concentric por- 35 tions of the shaft 38, and a cylinder 52 provided in the block 50 has a double acting piston 54 therein that is actuated by the eccentricl portion 48 of the shaft through a. cross-head 56. The cylinder block 50 has a sleeve 58 fitted there- 40 over which forms a cylinder head. A conventional type of motor rotor 60, such as a squirrel cage rotor having a laminated iron core, is press fitted upon the sleeve 58, and electromagnetically associated with the stator 24 so that the rotary 45 motion imparted to the rotor is directly transmitted to the rotary cylinder block 50. The motion thus imparted to the cylinder block 50 causes effective oscillatory movement of the piston within the cylinder 52, by virtue of the action 50 of the eccentric portion 48 of the shaft and crosshead 56.

Unloading valves 64 are mounted in recesses 65 in the cylinder block 50 so as to control iiuid W through the ducts 62 and 66 communicating f therewith and with the compression chambers such as 68 and the interior of the housing, respectively. These valves serve to relieve the load on the motor when it is starting. The sleeve 58 has recesses 12 at one end thereof which are covered by a ring 18,/which ring is secured to the sleeve 58. The recesses 12 provide spaces for the mounting of pressure release valves comprising discs 14 resiliently urged against seats 16 by normally biased leafsprings 18. The discs 14 cover ports 82 and are provided for the passage of compressed fluid from the compression chambers such as 68 to the interior of the housing. 'I'he normally biased leaf springs 18 are secured at one end to the ring 18 by rivets 88. The ring 18 also serves as a baffle and one end thereof projects into a projecting portion 84 of a baille 86. The baille 86 is mounted on and spaced from the auxiliary end member 34 through posts 88 that are formed on the inner surface of the auxiliary end member 34, said baille being secured thereto by screws 98 or other suitable fastening means.

The cylinder block 58 has a gear 92 on the end thereof that is adjacent the auxiliary end member 34, which gear meshes with a lubricant conveying gear 94 that is rotatably mounted on the auxiliary end member 34 through a stud 96. The gears 92 and 94 are mounted within a recess 98 in the auxiliary end member 34, which recess is preferably machined and conforms to the peripheral form of the meshing gears. A plate |88 is secured to the auxiliary end member 34, so as to cover the gears, said plate having an aperture |82 therein through which the end of the cylinder block 58 passes. A groove |84 in the lower end of the plate |88 permits the passage of lubricant from the interior of the housing to the lubricant conveying gear 94. e

An end cover |86, curved or concaved inwardly toward the interior of the housing I8, is located from the auxiliary end member 34 and has a rim portion |88 formed thereon that is substan tially` tangent to the inner surface of the housing I8. The portion H8 of the housing I8 at the open end thereof is deformed by rolling or other suitable means so as to overlap the end of the rim portion |88 of the end cover |86. The end cover |86 is then preferably hermetically sealed with the housing i8 by'welding the adjacent portions |88 and I |8 to form a welded seam therebetween such as at III. The curvature of the end cover |86 serves to form a lubricant cooling space ||2 intermediate the end cover and the auxiliary end member 34. This space also tends to serve as a trap for sediment or foreign substance that settles out of the lubricant when the lubricant is trapped therein.

An opening ||4 through the end member 34 serves as a lubricant conducting passage to carry lubricant from the lubricant conveying gear 94, and communicates with a lubricant conveying groove ||6 in the auxiliary end member, from which groove lubricant passes into the space I I2.

Preferably above the level of the shaft 38, a lubricant conveying groove ||8 in the auxiliary end member 34 is provided to permit the passage of lubricant therethrough to an annular lubricant conveying passage |28 also in the auxiliary end member, which passage communicates-with the lubricant conveying groove |22 in the shaft 38. Lubricant that passes through the groove |22 lubricates bearing surfaces |24 between 'the shaft 38 and the cylinder block 58, and conveys lubricant to an opening |26 in the piston 54l within which the cross-head 56 is mounted, which opening communicates with the lubricant conveying groove |28 in the sleeve 44. Lubricant from the groove |28 lubricates bearing surfaces |34 between the sleeve 44, and the cylinder block 58,- and communicates with an annular groove |38 in the end of the block 58 and thence to thepassages |32, also in the end of the block 58, which convey the lubricant back into the housing.A

'I'he housing 18 is provided with a curved portion |36 which projects inwardly and intermediate the passages |32 and windings 28 soras to prevent the lubricant that is thrown from the passages |32 from continually spraying against the winding, and to effect additional cooling of the lubricantby the passage thereover. The norkmal level of`the lubricant in the housing remains somewhat below the space |48 between the rotor 68 and statr-24, as indicated at |38. The normal level of the lubricant in the space ||2 may vary, but to provide lubrication for the moving parts, must be sufficiently high to enter the passage I I8 in the auxiliary end member.

A uid conveying conductor |42 is bermetically sealed to the housing I8 preferably by welding such as at |44, and also to a receiver or interchangetank |46 such as at |48, so as to provide a fluid communicating means therebetween through the opening I4 in the housing I8 and an opening |58 in the receiver or interchange tank |46. A fluid conveying connector |52, preferably having a sectional thickness thinner than that of the housing, is hermetically sealed to the housing preferably by welding such as at |54, and also preferably fitted into the aperture I2 in the housing I8 to provide a connecting means between the interior of the housing and the tube |56 of a condenser |58. The tube |56 is preferably brazed or soldered into the connector |52, such as at |68. The other end of the tube |56 is connected and hermetically sealed to the receiver or interchange tank |46 to provide fluid communication between the condenser |58 and the receiver or interchange tank, the connection between the condenser and the receiver or interchange tank not being shown. The fluid conveying connector |62 projects through an aperture |66 in the end cover |86 and is hermetically sealed therewith, preferably by welding such as at |64. The connector |62 pro vides for fluid communication from the fluid supply therefor, n'ot shown, through a tube such as I 68 and coupling |18 to the compression chambers such as 68 through the fluid conducting passages |12 and |14 in the shaft |38, |16 in the cross head 86 and |18 in the piston 58. Relative movement of the cross head 56 and shaft 38 interrupts the fluid flow between the passages |14 and |16 to accomplish a valve action to control the flow.

Heat dissipation I through the use of substantially channel shaped cooling members |88 having substantially radially extending fins |82 andl a connecting portion |84 that conformsto the curvature of the housing. Cooling members |88 preferably extend longitudinally along the surface of the housing, and are preferably secured thereto by spot welding at points along the connecting portions |84 such as at |86. The condenser is preferably cooled by fins |88 secured to the tube |66. Both the fins |82 and |88 are primarily for cooling the fluid compressed by the compressor, as in the case of arefrigerator compressor, for causing condensation. of the compressed fluid. A suitable connector |41 is hermetically sealed to the from the housing is aided receiver or interchange tank |46 for providing -fluid communication with a. utilization device, not shown, through any suitable means such as a tube |49.

The present form of compressor has been designed for use with a refrigerant which, when liquefied, is more dense than the lubricant used for the compressor parts. Hence, the fluid condensed in the condenser flows downwardly and through the lubricant in the receiver or interchange tank |46, and that condensed within the compressor housing ows downwardly through the lubricant therein andthrough the connector |42 into the receiver or interchange tank. The condensed iiuid thus flowing into the interchange tank displaces lubricant therein to raise the level of the lubricant within the "housing, Hence, in this' form of a refrigerating unit it is preferable that the junction between the connectorV |42 and the lower wall of the compressor is even with or below the inner surface of the housing so that condensed fluid may not become trapped in the housing. It is also preferable that the connector I42fis of sumcient heighth to permit simultaneous circulation in two directions therein; namely, that of the liquefied fluid toward the receiver, and thatof the lubricant from the receiver to the housing. The lubricant is' cooled through contact with the housing and end cover.

The compressor is supported from a base |90 by springs |92 intermediate that base and the housing I0.

Although the mechanical features of the movable, parts of the compressor shown are not a part of the present invention, they are necessarily shown and described to facilitate an understanding of the advantages derived through the features of the enclosure structure. Since the auxiliary end member 34 is used as a support for one end of the shaft 38, as well as the support for other parts of the unit such as the lubricant conveying gear 94, it is preferable that that member be machined to provide an accurate mounting for the parts. Then, since the welded seams are preferable both from the standpoint of cost and hermetic sealing, and heat applied directly to the auxiliary end member 34 such as would be necessary to weld that member in place would cause production troubles due to the warping of the auxiliary end member after it had been machined.

structed. After the end cover is thus located,

it is preferable and desirable to secure that cover in place while the welding operation ls being accomplished. As indicated, this may preferably be done by deforming a portion of the housing such as by rolling the edge of the housing over the edge of the curved end cover. cover thus formed also serves to aid in holding the auxiliary end member in place against the shoulder 32. By making the curvature concave inwardly toward the inside of the housing, the cover is made stronger in resisting pressure from within. The space H2 between the auxiliary end The end member 34 and the end cover |05 may then be used asa lubricant cooling chamber. Since the lubricant is carried from the reservoir formed by the housing into the moving parts of the compressor, it is preferable to cool the lubricant before it enters the moving parts to lubricate the surfaces therebetween. The lubricant is therefore forced into the space.l|2 which provides a relatively large cooling surface for a relatively small volume of lubricant and thus accomplishes efficient cooling, and any sediment or foreign substance that settles out of the lubricant while it is in the space ||2 is there trapped so that it cannot cause damage to the moving parts.

It is also desirable to cool the compressed fluid as much as possible Within the compressor housing so as to thereby reduce the necessary size of the condenser I 58. Hence, the cooling fins |80 are secured thereto to increase the heat dissipating surface of the housing. The fiuid that is not condensed within the housing passes through the lconnector 52 into the condenser |58. Hence, that connector is necessarily hermetically sealed with the housing and the tube |56. The sealing between the tube |56 and the connector |52 is preferably accomplished by brazing or soldering, and hence in order to facilitate the concentration of heat necessary to accomplish that operation, it is preferable that the sectional thickness of the connector |52 should be thinner than that of the housing 0, or at leastv thin enough to prevent excessive dissipation of heat therefrom.

While the form of embodiment of the present invention as herein disclosed, constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope lof the claims which follow.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. In a compressor, a housing having an open end and an internal shoulder adjacent said open end; an auxiliary end cover in said housing and in engagement with said shoulder; and a dished end cover in the housing and engaging with its central portion the auxiliary end cover and so as to form together with the latter a compartment Within the closed housing, and the rim portion of the dished end cover extending toward the open end of the housing and being secured thereto by an overlapping end portion of the housing and a compressor unit within the housing.

2. In a compressor, a housing having an open tapered end and an internal shoulder adjacent said open end; an auxiliary end cover in said housing and in engagement with the shoulder thereof; and a dished end cover in the housing and engaging with its central `portion the auxiliary end cover so as to form together with the latter a compartment within the closed housing, the rim portion of the dished end cover being tapered and extending toward the tapered open end of the housing and being secured thereto by an overlapping end portion"of the housing; and a compressor unit within the housing.

3. In a compressor, a housing having an open end and an internal shoulder adjacent said open end, an auxiliary end cover in said housing and in engagement with said shoulder, and a dished end cover in the housing and engaging with its central portion the auxiliary end cover so as to form together with the latter a compartment within the closed housing, and the rim portion of lthe dished end cover extendingtoward the open end of the housing and being secured thereto by an overlapping end portion of the housing, and a compressor unit within the housing having a discharge jet directed toward the wall opposite said open end.

4. A motor-compressor unit comprising a cylindrical casing having an open end and an internal shouider adjacent said open end, an auxiliary cover in said housing and in engagement with said shoulder, and a'dished end cover in said housing and forming together with said auxiliary end cover an oil zone, a motor in said casing, a compressor in said casing, means whereby said motor drives said compressor, said motor and said .compressor being axially displaced from said oil zone, means for forcing lubricant from said oil vzone into a passage leading to the bearing surfaces of said motor and compressor, and a jet through which excess oil may leave Hsaid said oil discharges, said jet being directed toward said stator windings, means for forcing oil through said passage, and a reentrant portion on said casing projecting between said jet and said stator windings whereby oil discharged from said jet is prevented from striking said windings.

CARL 'I-I. KINDL. WILLIAM G. PONTIS. 

